The Abbasid Caliphate (750 - 1517) was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. (after Rashidun Caliphate and Umayyad Caliphate) The Abbasid dynasty descended from Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE), whose name was the derivation of the caliphate. They ruled as caliphs, for most of their period from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after taking back authority of the Muslim empire from the Umayyads in 750 CE (132 AH).