(продана за $3.0)

1684, Netherlands, Gronningen & Ommeland.  Scarce Copper Duit Coin. VG-F!

Mint Year: 1684 Denomination: Duit Reference: KM-35. Condition: Corroded (environmental damage), scratches in obverse, otherwise VG-F! Material: Copper Diameter: 20mm Weight: 1.6gm

Obverse: Crowned coat-of-arms of Groningen & Ommeland.

Reverse: Inscription (GRON ET OMU) above dat (1684).

Groningen is the northeasternmost province of the Netherlands. In the east it   borders the German state of Niedersachsen (districts of Leer and   Emsland), in the south Drenthe, in the west Friesland and in the north   the Wadden Sea. The capital of the province is the city of Groningen.

The Dutch Republic â€â€� officially known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), the Republic of the United Netherlands, or the Republic of the Seven United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinciën)     Ã¢â‚¬â€� was a republic in Europe existing from 1581 to 1795,   preceding the   modern Kingdom of the Netherlands. Alternative names   include United Provinces, Foederatae Belgii Provinciae (Federated Belgic Provinces), and Belgica Foederata (Belgic Federation).

Until the 16th century, the Low Countries - roughly     corresponding to modern Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg - consisted     of a number of duchies, counties and bishoprics, most of which were     under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire.

Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of     the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549     Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which     further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was     succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Netherlands,     led by William I of Orange, revolted against Philip II because of high     taxes, persecution of Protestants by the government, and Philip's     efforts to modernize and centralize the devolved-medieval government     structures of the provinces. This was the start of the Eighty Years'     War.

In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the     Netherlands signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to     support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was     followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of     independence of the provinces from Philip II.

In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of     Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in   1583,   the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of   William   of Orange (July 10, 1584), both Henry III of France and   Elizabeth I of   England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, the   latter agreed to   turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of   England (Treaty of   Nonsuch, 1585), and sent the Earl of Leicester as   governor-general. This   was not a success and in 1588 the provinces   became a republic.