This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (September 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Ludwig I. (Hessen-Darmstadt)]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|de|Ludwig I. (Hessen-Darmstadt)}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine

Louis I
Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
Reign	14 August 1806 – 6 April 1830
Successor	Louis II
Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Reign	6 April 1790 – 14 August 1806
Predecessor	Louis IX
Born	(1753-06-14)14 June 1753 Prenzlau, Brandenburg
Died	6 April 1830(1830-04-06) (aged 76) Darmstadt, Hesse
Spouse	Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt
Issue	Grand Duke Louis II Princess Louise Prince George Prince Frederick Prince Emil Prince Gustav
House	Hesse-Darmstadt
Father	Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Mother	Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

Grand Ducal Family of Hesse and by Rhine
Louis I
Children Louis II Louise, Princess Louis of Anhalt-Köthen Prince Georg Prince Friedrich Prince Emil Prince Gustav
v t e

Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse (14 June 1753 in Prenzlau – 6 April 1830 in Darmstadt) was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (as Louis X) and later the first Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.

Biography[edit]

Kronenthaler of Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, 1825.

Louis was the son of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, and succeeded his father in 1790. He presided over a significant increase in territory for Hesse-Darmstadt during the imperial reorganizations of 1801-1803, most notably the Duchy of Westphalia, hitherto subject to the Archbishop of Cologne. Allied to Napoleon, Louis in 1806 was elevated to the title of a Grand Duke of Hesse and joined the Confederation of the Rhine, leading to the dissolution of the Empire. At the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15, Louis had to give up his Westphalian territories, but was compensated with the district of Rheinhessen, with his capital Mainz on the left bank of the Rhine. Because of this addition, he amended his title to Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.

In 1844, a 33-meter column called Langer Ludwig (meaning Long Louis), was set up In his commemoration in the middle of the Luisenplatz, the largest square of Darmstadt.

Marriage and family[edit]

In 1776, he became engaged to Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg, eldest daughter of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg. The engagement was broken off so that Sophia Dorothea could marry Louis's recently widowed brother-in-law Tsarevich Paul Petrovich, son and heir of Catherine II "the Great", Empress of Russia. He received a monetary compensation when the engagement was broken.

On 19 February 1777, Louis married his first cousin, Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt ( 15 February 1761 – 24 October 1829), a daughter of Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt. Together, they had eight children:

• Louis, later Grand Duke Louis II of Hesse (26 December 1777 – 16 June 1848). Married his double first cousin Wilhelmine of Baden and had issue.
• Louise (16 January 1779 – 18 April 1811). Married Louis of Anhalt-Köthen and had issue.
• George (31 August 1780 – 17 April 1856). Married, morganatically, Caroline Török de Szendrö and had issue.
• Frederick (14 May 1788 – 16 March 1867)
• Stillborn twin daughters (11 May 1789).
• Emil (3 September 1790 – 30 April 1856)
• Gustav (18 December 1791 – 30 January 1806)

Ancestry[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse.