Martin Luther (10 November 1483 - 18 February 1546) was a German priest, professor of   theology and iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation; for which he   stands as herold. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's   punishment of sin could be purchased with money. He confronted   indulgence salesman Johann Tetzel with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517. His refusal to retract all of his writings at the demand of   Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of   Worms in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the pope and   condemnation as an outlaw by the Emperor.

Luther taught that salvation is not earned by good   deeds but received only as a free gift of God's grace through faith in   Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority   of the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church by teaching that the Bible is   the only source of divinely revealed knowledge and opposed sacerdotalism   by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood. Those   who identify with Luther's teachings are called Lutherans.

His translation of the Bible into the language of the   people (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, causing a tremendous   impact on the church and on German culture. It fostered the development   of a standard version of the German language, added several principles   to the art of translation, and influenced the translation into English   of the King James Bible. His hymns influenced the development of singing   in churches. His marriage to Katharina von Bora set a model for the   practice of clerical marriage, allowing Protestant priests to marry.

In his later years, while suffering from several   illnesses and deteriorating health, Luther became increasingly   antisemitic, writing that Jewish homes should be destroyed, their   synagogues burned, money confiscated and liberty curtailed. These   statements have contributed to his controversial status.

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Martin Luther (10 November 1483 - 18 February 1546) was a German priest, professor of theology and iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation; for which he stands as herold. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment of sin could be purchased with money. He confronted indulgence salesman Johann Tetzel with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517. His refusal to retract all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the Emperor.

Luther taught that salvation is not earned by good deeds but received only as a free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority of the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood. Those who identify with Luther's teachings are called Lutherans.

His translation of the Bible into the language of the people (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, causing a tremendous impact on the church and on German culture. It fostered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation, and influenced the translation into English of the King James Bible. His hymns influenced the development of singing in churches. His marriage to Katharina von Bora set a model for the practice of clerical marriage, allowing Protestant priests to marry.

In his later years, while suffering from several illnesses and deteriorating health, Luther became increasingly antisemitic, writing that Jewish homes should be destroyed, their synagogues burned, money confiscated and liberty curtailed. These statements have contributed to his controversial status.