Romuald Traugutt (16 January 1826 – 5 August 1864) was a Polish general and war hero best known for commanding the January Uprising of 1863. From October 1863 to August 1864 he was the leader of the insurrection. He headed the Polish national government from 17 October 1863 to 20 April 1864, and was president of its Foreign Affairs Office.
Before the uprising he was a Lieutenant Colonel in the Russian army, where he won distinction in the Crimean War. He retired from the army in 1862 and became involved with Polish nationalists.[1] After leading a partisan unit in the initial rebellion,[1] he became leader of the rebel forces in October 1863.
After the uprising failed, Traugutt was betrayed by Artur Goldman[2][3][4][5] and sentenced to death by the Russian court. He was hanged near the Warsaw Citadel on 5 August 1864, aged 38, together with the rebel commanders Rafał Krajewski, Józef Toczyski, Roman Żuliński and Jan Jeziorański. The Roman Catholic Church is considering his beatification due to his overwhelming devotion to God and sacrifice for his homeland Poland.[6] One of his early biographers has been the Marian Father, Józef Jarzębowski (1897-1964), who devoted three volumes to Traugutt's life and work.[7]
Remembrance[edit]
In 1916, a monument was raised in Warsaw on the site of his execution,[8] and in 1925, the area around it was dedicated as Traugutt Park.[9] In 1945, he was honored on the first postage stamp of the newly re-emerged Republic of Poland as part of a three-stamp set honoring national heroes.[10] He had been earlier honored on a stamp in the 1938 set for the 20th anniversary of Poland’s independence after World War I.[11] Poland issued additional stamps in his honor in 1962[12] and 1963.[13] He was also commemorated on the Polish 20 złoty banknote of the 1980s.
The high school in Częstochowa is named after him, and a memorial column to him was erected in 1933 in Ciechocinek.[14]
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b Lerski, Jerzy Jan (editor) (1996) "Traugutt, Romuald" Historical dictionary of Poland, 966-1945 Greenwood Publishing, Westport, Connecticut, pages 609-610, ISBN 0-313-26007-9
- ^ "Aresztowanie Romualda Traugutta". PolskieRadio.pl. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
Wydał go urzędnik wydziału skarbowego Rządu Narodowego, Artur Goldman. (He was deceived by an official of the National Government tax department, Artur Goldman.)
- ^ Kieniewicz, Stefan (1983). Warszawa w powstaniu stycziowym (in Polish). Wiedza Powszechna. p. 220. ISBN 9788321403038.
Artur Goldman.. złożył zeznania obciążają (Artur Goldman .. gave testimony against Traugutt ..)
- ^ Davies, Norman (2005-02-24). God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume II: 1795 to the Present. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199253401.
- ^ Toman, Eugeniusz (2015-07-29). Podniebni żołnierze (in Polish). e-bookowo. ISBN 9788360593271.
..do rosyjskiej policji zgłosił się niejaki Artur Goldman i ich dowódcę zadenuncjował..(....a man named Artur Goldman reported to the Russian police and denounced..)
- ^ Kłoczowski, Jerzy (2000) A History of Polish Christianity Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, page 222, ISBN 0-521-36429-9
- ^ Jarzębowski, Józef. Traugutt, nakładem Archidiecezjalnego Instytutu Akcji Katolickiej, Warszawa, 1938.
- ^ Brandys, Kazimierz (1984) A Warsaw diary 1978-1981 Chatto & Windus, London, page 16, ISBN 0-7011-2903-4
- ^ Chrościcki, Juliusz A. and Rottermund, Andrzej (11978) Atlas of Warsaw's Architecture (translated by Jerzy Dłutek from Atlas Architektury Warszawy) Arkady, Warsaw, page 226, in Wroclaw a street was named after his name. OCLC 4402354
- ^ The stamp was issued with a denomination of 25 groszy and is listed in Scott's Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue as Poland #341. "Poland" Scott, volume 5 (2011)
- ^ The stamp was issued with a denomination of 2 złoty and is listed in Scott's Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue as Poland #331. "Poland" Scott, volume 5 (2011)
- ^ The stamp was issued with a denomination of 60 groszy and is listed in Scott's Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue as Poland #1062. "Poland" Scott, volume 5 (2011)
- ^ The stamp was issued with a denomination of 60 groszy and is listed in Scott's Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue as Poland #1111. "Poland" Scott, volume 5 (2011)
- ^ "History of Ciechocinek" The Official Tourism Website of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province
Bibliography[edit]
- Józef Jarzębowski. Traugutt, nakładem Archidiecezjalnego Instytutu Akcji Katolickiej, Warszawa, 1938.
- Józef Jarzębowski. Węgierska polityka Traugutta: na podstawie znanych i nieznanych dokumentów. Warszawa 1939. ("Traugutt's Hungarian policies").
- Józef Jarzębowski. Traugutt: dokumenty, listy, wspomnienia, wypisy. Londyn: Veritas, 1970.
External links[edit]
Media related to Romuald Traugutt at Wikimedia Commons
|
Dictators of the January Uprising
|
||
|---|---|---|
|
||
|
Heads of the Polish National Government (January Uprising)
|
||
|---|---|---|
|
|
||
- 1826 births
- 1864 deaths
- People from Kamenets District
- People from Brestsky Uyezd
- Polish Roman Catholics
- Polish people of German descent
- Members of Polish government (January Uprising)
- January Uprising participants
- Polish generals
- Polish people of the Crimean War (Russian side)
- Generals of the January Uprising
- Polish people executed by the Russian Empire
- Executed Polish people
- People executed by the Russian Empire by hanging
- Executed Belarusian people
- Polish Servants of God
