(sold for $102.0)

1733, India, Mughal Empire, Muhammad Shah. Hammered Silver Rupee Coin. PCGS UNC+

Denomination: Rupee Mint Place: Konbayat  Reference: KM-436.34. Mint Year: 1733 (AH 1114x / Regnal Year 14). Condition: Certified and graded by PCGS as UNC (Details: Environmental Damage!)  Diameter: 21mm Weight: 11.4gm  Material: Silver

The Mughal Empire, or Mogul (also Moghul) Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power in the Indian subcontinent from about 1526 to 1757 (though it lingered for another century). The Mughal emperors were Muslims and direct descendants of Genghis Khan through Chagatai Khan and Timur.   At the height of their power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries,   they controlled most of the subcontinent—extending from Bengal in the east to Balochistan in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south. Its population at that time has been estimated as   between 110 and 150 million, over a territory of more than 3.2 million   square kilometres (1.2 million square miles).

The "classic period" of the empire started in 1556 with the accession of Akbar the Great.   Under his rule, India enjoyed much cultural and economic progress as   well as religious harmony. Akbar was a successful warrior; he also   forged martial alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but they were subdued by Akbar.

The reign of Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor, was the golden age of Mughal architecture and the arts. He erected many splendid monuments, the most famous of which is the legendary Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Pearl Mosque, the Red Fort, the Jama Masjid of Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expansion during the reign of Aurangzeb.   During his lifetime, victories in the south expanded the Mughal Empire   to more than 1.25 million square miles, ruling over more than 150   million subjects, nearly 1/4th of the world's population, with a   combined GDP of over $90 billion.

By the mid-18th century, the Marathas had ravaged the Mughal provinces from the Deccan to Bengal, and internal dissatisfaction (as well as separatist agendas from the Rajputs, Sikhs, and Jats)   arose due to the weakness of the Mughal Empire's administrative and   economic systems. In 1739, a weakened Mughal Empire was defeated in the Battle of Karnal by the forces of Nader Shah. Mughal power was severely limited. The last emperor, Bahadur Shah II had authority over only the city of Shahjahanabad. He supported the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and was overthrown by the British, and the last remnants of the empire were taken over by the British Raj.

Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah (born Roshan Akhtar) (7 August 1702 – 16 April 1748)  was Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. With the help of the Sayyid brothers, he ascended the throne at the young age of 17. He later got rid of them with the help of Asaf Jah I – Syed Hussain Ali Khan was murdered at Fatehpur Sikri in 1720 and Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha was fatally poisoned in 1722. Muhammad Shah was a great patron of the arts, including musical, cultural and administrative developments. His pen-name was Sada Rangila ("ever joyous") and he is often referred to as "Muhammad Shah Rangila".

Although he was a patron of the arts, Muhammad Shah's reign was marked by rapid and irreversible decline of the Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire was already decaying, but the invasion by Nader Shah of Persia and the subsequent sacking of Delhi, the Mughal capital, greatly accelerated the pace. The course of events not only shocked and mortified the Mughals themselves, but also other foreigners, including the British.

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