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1887, Zanzibar (Sultanate), Sultan Barghash ibn Sa'id. Copper Pysa Coin. VF+

Denomination: Pysa References: KM-7. R! State: Zanzibar (Sultanate) Mint Period: 1887 (1304 AH) Condition: Light deposits, otherwise VF+ Material: Copper Diameter: 26mm Weight: 6.33gm

Obverse: Scales above islamic date (AH 1304 = 1887 AD) within decorative border.

Reverse: Persian inscription within decorative border.

Zanzibar (/ˈzænzᵻbɑːr/; (Arabic: زنجبار‎‎‎‎ Zanjibār) is a semi-autonomous region of Tanzania in East Africa. It is composed of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, 25–50 kilometres (16–31 mi) off the coast of the mainland, and consists of many small islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island, referred to informally as Zanzibar) and Pemba. The capital is Zanzibar City, located on the island of Unguja. Its historic centre is Stone Town, which is a World Heritage Site. The name Zanzibar is derived from the Persian zang-bâr signifying "black coast". Zanzibar's main industries are spices, raffia, and tourism. In particular, the islands produce cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, and black pepper. For this reason, the islands, together with Tanzania's Mafia Island, are sometimes called the Spice Islands (a term also associated with the Maluku Islands in Indonesia). Zanzibar is the home of the endemic Zanzibar red colobus monkey, the Zanzibar servaline genet, and the (possibly extinct) Zanzibar leopard.

Sayyid Barghash bin Said Al-Busaid, GCMG, GCTE (1837 – March 26, 1888) (Arabic: برغش بن سعيد البوسعيد‎‎), son of Said bin Sultan, was the second Sultan of Zanzibar. Barghash ruled Zanzibar from October 7, 1870 to March 26, 1888. Barghash is credited with   building much of the infrastructure of Stone Town, including piped   water, public baths, a police force, roads, parks, hospitals and large   administrative buildings such as the (Bait el-Ajaib) House of Wonders.   He was perhaps the last Sultan to maintain a measure of true   independence from European control. He did consult with European   "advisors" who had immense influence, but he was still the central   figure they wrestled to control. He crossed wits with diplomats from   Britain, America, Germany, France and Portugal and was often able to   play one country off another in a skillful endgame of pre-colonial   chess. It was his son, Khaled, who while vying for the succession, was   the loser in the Shortest War. In 1859 a dispute broke out between the   brothers Sayyid Majid, the first Sultan of Zanzibar, and Barghash. Their sister Sayyida Salme (later Emily Ruete)   acted (at the age of fifteen) as secretary of Barghash's party.   However, with the help of an English gunboat the insurrection of   Barghash was soon brought to an end, and Barghash was sent into exile in Bombay for two years.

After the death of Majid, Barghash became Sultan.

 

"It is a well-known fact in Zanzibar that Barghash, as soon as he had   ascended the throne in 1870, suddenly and without any cause cast our   second youngest brother Chalîfe into prison. The poor fellow had to languish there for three long years   in the dungeon, in heavy iron fetters weighed with chains! And why? No   one could say. It may have been feared that Chalîfe, being next in   succession to the throne, might plot the same treacherous plans as   Barghash himself had once tried against Madjid" Emily Ruete, p. 398. (Ruete wrote this in 1886).

According to Ruete, Barghash did not release Khalifah before one of their sisters prepared to set out for a pilgrimage for Mecca,   and "he did not want to bring down upon himself a curse pronounced in   the Holy City of the Prophet. But his sister did not pardon him before   he had set free the innocent Chalîfe."

Barghash is credited with building much of the infrastructure of Stone Town, including roads, parks, hospitals, piped water, and public baths, including the Hamamni Persian Baths.

Sayyid Barghash also helped abolish the slave trade in Zanzibar. In June 1873 Dr John Kirk was acting British Consul and received simultaneous contradictory   instructions from London, one to issue an ultimatum to the Sultan under   threat of blockade that the slave trade should be stopped and the slave   market closed, and the other not to enforce a blockade which might be   taken as an act of war pushing Zanzibar towards French protection. Kirk   only showed the first instruction to Barghash, who capitulated within   two weeks signing an treaty with Britain prohibiting slave trade in his kingdom, and immediately closing the great slave market.

Towards the end of his reign Barghash had to witness the disintegration of his inherited empire. In 1884 the German adventurer Carl Peters made African chiefs on the Tanganyika mainland sign documents which declared their areas to be under German   "protection". In February 1885 these acquisitions were ratified by the   German Government through an imperial letter of protection. Few weeks   later in April 1885 the German Dehnhardt brothers concluded a contract   with the Sultan of Witu (former ruler of Pate) on the Kenya Coast near Lamu which was also put under official German protection. Bargash tried to   send troops against the Witu ruler who in his view anyhow was supposed   to be his subject when the appearance of a German fleet forced him to   accept the German intrusion.

The British-German agreement of 29 October 1886 acknowledged the   Sultan's rule over a 10-mile-strip along the coast from Portuguese   Mozambique up to the Tana River and some towns on the Somali coast. This   agreement, however, was only short-lived as it cut the German areas of   influence off the sea.

Bargash did not live to see the 1888 agreement come into force which   signed off the coastal strip of later Tanganyika to the Germans   resulting in the uprising of the Sultans' subjects against the Germans   and its subsequent repression.

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